How does binary counting work in algorithms?

Binary counting operates by representing values using only two symbols: 0 and 1. This system, known as base-2, is foundational to computing and digital electronics, as it allows for efficient data representation and manipulation. Each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2, with the rightmost digit being 2^0, the next being 2^1, and so on. This binary framework enables computers to perform calculations and store data using simple electrical signals that can be easily differentiated as on (1) or off (0).

In contrast, a base-10 representation system relies on ten digits (0 through 9) and does not apply in this context of binary counting. Similarly, utilizing three symbols does not align with binary counting, which is strictly limited to the two values. Floating-point representation pertains to a method for storing and representing real numbers in computing rather than the fundamental binary counting system. Thus, the correct understanding of binary counting directly relates to its use of the two symbols, 0 and 1.