What defines a hash table?

A hash table is fundamentally defined as a data structure that maps keys to values using a technique known as hashing. This involves applying a hash function to the keys, which generates an index that indicates where the corresponding value can be stored or retrieved in the table. The primary advantage of a hash table is its efficient retrieval time, as the indexing allows for near constant time complexity for both insertions and lookups under ideal circumstances.

Hash tables are distinguished from other data structures due to their reliance on a unique hashing mechanism, which enables quick access to data. This characteristic sets them apart from linear structures, tree structures, and dynamic arrays, which do not utilize hashing to achieve their organization and data retrieval processes. Thus, the correct definition highlights the critical mapping of keys to values using hashing, showcasing the unique operational principles and performance advantages of hash tables.