What is an algorithm?

An algorithm is defined as a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. This definition encompasses a series of well-defined instructions or rules that can be followed to achieve a specific result or solution. Algorithms are foundational in computer science and mathematics because they provide a clear method for executing tasks, performing calculations, or making decisions based on input data.

For example, a simple algorithm for sorting a list of numbers might involve repeatedly comparing pairs of adjacent numbers and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. This systematic approach ensures that the list will be sorted by the end of the process.

The clarity and structure of algorithms make them essential for designing computer programs, as they guide the logic used in coding and troubleshooting. The step-by-step nature of algorithms allows programmers to break down complex problems into manageable parts, ultimately leading to more efficient solutions.