Which of the following describes a sorting algorithm?

A sorting algorithm is specifically designed to arrange elements in a specified order, whether that is ascending or descending, based on particular criteria. This process is fundamental in computer science and data organization because it allows for better efficiency in data retrieval and processing.

When sorting, algorithms can take various forms, such as quicksort, mergesort, or bubble sort, each with their own unique methods of organizing data. The main goal remains consistent: to take an unordered list or array of items and systematically rearrange them according to a defined ordering principle. This function is crucial in numerous applications, from databases to search algorithms, where ordered data can significantly enhance performance and accessibility.

The other options do not accurately describe sorting algorithms. For example, a method for combining numbers focuses on arithmetic operations rather than ordering. Finding a minimum number in a set is a specific search operation, while calculating averages pertains to statistical analysis rather than sorting. Hence, the identification of sorting algorithms as methods for arranging elements in a specified order is paramount in understanding their role in algorithms and data structures.